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2015| January-June | Volume 38 | Issue 1
Online since
August 14, 2015
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ORIGINAL ARTICLES
Estimation of annual effective dose rate due to the ingestion of the primordial radionuclide
40
K for the population around the Kalpakkam nuclear site, Tamil Nadu, India
Pew Basu, R Sarangapani, K Sivasubramanian, B Venkatraman
January-June 2015, 38(1):14-22
DOI
:10.4103/0972-0464.162827
A study was carried out to estimate the ingestion dose for the general population residing around Kalpakkam nuclear site due to
40
K activity in the fresh and cooked food samples collected from the surrounding areas. For the estimation of specific activity of
40
K, food samples consisting of 31 numbers of market basket samples (MBS) and 33 numbers of duplicate diet samples (DDS) were collected, conditioned, and analyzed by gamma spectrometry. The annual effective dose (AED) received by the population was estimated based on
40
K activity in the food samples, food consumption data, and ICRP model. Uncertainty associated with the estimates was quantified based on the guide to the expression of uncertainty in measurement framework approach. The
40
K specific activity in MBS ranged from 10.44 ± 1.11 to 129.00 ± 13.64 Bq/kg fresh weight. Similarly, the
40
K specific activity in DDS ranged from 10.85 ± 1.10 to 60.71 ± 6.15 Bq/kg fresh weight. The AED due to the ingestion of
40
K estimated based on MBS was 93.81 ± 7.30 μSv/year. Similarly, the AED due to the ingestion of
40
K estimated based on DDS was 33.47 ± 0.79 μSv/year among males and 26.31 ± 0.62 μSv/year among females.
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Measurement of natural radioactivity in rock samples using gamma ray spectrometry
Mohd Zubair
January-June 2015, 38(1):11-13
DOI
:10.4103/0972-0464.162820
Natural radioactivity due to
226
Ra,
232
Th and
40
K in the rock samples collected from Dhanbad city of Jharkhand, India was measured using gamma-ray spectrometry. The concentrations of
226
Ra,
232
Th and
40
K in the studied rock samples range from below the detection limit to 3.08 Bq/kg, 5.35-37.39 Bq/kg and 168.8-416.9 Bq/kg, respectively. The concentrations of these radionuclides are compared with the recommended values. To evaluate the radiological impact of the natural radioactivity, the radium equivalent activity, the annual effective dose rate, the values of both external and internal indices and the gamma index were estimated and compared with the internationally acceptable values.
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3,723
461
226
Ra,
228
Ra, and
40
K activity concentration in some vegetables consumed in Jordan, and resultant annual ingestion effective dose
Eman Al-Absi, Tariq Al-Abdullah, Hayel Shehadeh, Jamal AI-Jundi
January-June 2015, 38(1):29-34
DOI
:10.4103/0972-0464.162819
The activity concentrations of the naturally occurring nuclides
226
Ra,
228
Ra, and
40
K were determined in vegetable crops largely consumed by people in Jordan. Samples of potatoes, tomatoes, cucumber, radish, spinach, and cabbage were collected from several markets in the capital Amman. The activity concentrations in Bq/kg of
226
Ra,
228
Ra and
40
K were measured by the gamma-ray spectroscopy using the high purity germanium detector. The ranges of the activity concentration of
226
Ra,
228
Ra and
40
K in the chosen vegetables were found to be 7.1–11.7 Bq/kg, nondetectable - 3.3 Bq/kg, and 201–684 Bq/kg, respectively. The daily intake of
40
K was the highest among the radioisotopes measured, but it was lower than the intake in other countries. The estimated total annual effective dose resulting from the ingestion of the above-mentioned vegetable samples is 51.56 µSv/y according to the measured activity concentration of
226
Ra,
228
Ra, and
40
K.
226
Ra was the highest contributor to the total annual effective dose (23.98 μSv/y).
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3,285
407
Natural radioactivity concentrations in some medicinal plants and annual committed effective dose from their consumption
Shaban Ramadan Mohamed Harb
January-June 2015, 38(1):35-38
DOI
:10.4103/0972-0464.162816
Natural radioactive substances may be present in the environmental substances that have uses in pharmacy and medicine as health supplements. This paper presents natural radioactivity levels in some of the medicinal plants available in Egypt. Natural radionuclides such as
226
Ra,
228
Ra, and
40
K were measured in medicinal plants samples collected from the local market in Qena, Upper Egypt. All measurements were performed with a gamma spectrometry with high-purity germanium detector. The radioactivity concentration ranged from 0.4 ± 0.2 to 21.0 ± 1.2 Bq/kg for
226
Ra, from <0.3 to 42.3 ± 5.9 Bq/kg for
228
Ra, and from 140 ± 6 Bq/kg to 1538 ± 54 Bq/kg for
40
K. The total annual committed effective doses ranged from 0.003 to 0.073 mSvy
−1
with an average value of 0.02 mSva
−1
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2,987
350
Evaluation of alkali fusion and acid leaching methods for the determination of insoluble plutonium and americium in fecal samples
Nanda Raveendran, DD Rao, A Baburajan, JR Yadav
January-June 2015, 38(1):39-44
DOI
:10.4103/0972-0464.162815
Monitoring of radiation workers of fuel reprocessing plant and fuel fabrication facility for internal contamination is carried out by analyzing their urine and fecal samples. Assessment of intake is made from these results using standard biokinetic and dosimetric models. In the analysis of fecal samples, there is a need for improvement in the pretreatment technique for complete dissolution of the sample. Conventional alkali fusion method has yielded recovery of plutonium in the range of 12–60% with a mean of 36%. Newly adopted acid leaching followed by hydrogen fluoride treatment method achieved recovery in the range of 43 to 90% with a mean of 70%. Conventionally, the separation of "Pu" and "Am" was carried out at Bioassay Lab., Tarapur by alkali fusion followed by the anion exchange separation for Pu and cation exchange separation for Am. This paper deals with an alternative method in which initially the entire ash of the sample spiked with
236
Pu tracer (3–11 mBq) and
243
Am tracer (2.8–14.5 mBq) was acid leached and Pu was separated by anion exchange method and Am by using TRU resin.
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2,470
235
Dose assessment to public due to exposure to natural radioactivity at the Bibiani gold mine
Alex Twesigye, Emmanuel Ofori Darko, Augustine Faanu, Cyril Schandorf
January-June 2015, 38(1):2-10
DOI
:10.4103/0972-0464.162818
Studies have been carried out to assess exposure of the public due to natural radioactivity associated with soil, tailing and water at the Bibiani gold mine in Ghana. Concentrations of radionuclides in samples were determined by γ-ray spectrometry using high purity germanium detector. Gross-α and gross-β activity concentrations were also determined for the water samples using a low background gas-less automatic α/β counter. The mean activity concentrations of 238U, 232Th and 40K in soil/tailing samples were 16.1 ± 3.6, 16.6 ± 6.0 and 380 ± 15 bq/kg, respectively. The mean activity concentrations in water samples were 0.20 ± 0.04, 0.38 ± 0.03 and 3.05 ± 0.11 Bq/L for
226
Ra,
232
Th and
40
K respectively. The total annual effective dose to the public was estimated to be 0.125 mSv. The radium equivalent activity, internal hazard index, and external hazard index for all soil/tailing samples are lower than the accepted safety limit value of 370 Bq/kg and 1.0 respectively. The gross-α and gross-β activity concentrations for the water samples were below the World Health Organisation recommended guideline values for drinking water quality. The results indicate an insignificant radiation exposure to the public.
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305
EDITORIAL
Editorial
Pushparaja
January-June 2015, 38(1):1-1
DOI
:10.4103/0972-0464.162814
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1,499
202
LETTER TO THE EDITOR
Use of android smartphone as an add-on device to the at-home image viewer system with other medical imaging softwares
Sankaran Ananthanarayanan
January-June 2015, 38(1):50-51
DOI
:10.4103/0972-0464.162817
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1,734
195
NEWS AND INFORMATION
New ICRP publications
Pushparaja
January-June 2015, 38(1):52-52
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1,317
191
OBITUARY
The unique personality of A.P.J. Abdul Kalam
RM Iyer
January-June 2015, 38(1):53-53
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1,935
182
ORIGINAL ARTICLES
Assessments of natural radioactivity and the estimation of heavy metals in commonly consumed milk in Oke-Ogun area, Nigeria
Augustine Kolapo Ademola, Morounfolu A Olaoye, Peter O Abodunrin
January-June 2015, 38(1):23-28
DOI
:10.4103/0972-0464.162828
Ten samples each of the eight commonly consumed powdered milk by adults were collected from local markets in Oke-Ogun area, Nigeria and analyzed using gamma ray spectrometer with NaI(Tl) detector for radioactive analysis and Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometer for heavy metal analysis (Pb, Fe, Cd and Cu). The mean activity concentration detected is that of
40
K with average of 39.6 Bqkg
-1
while the activities of
226
Ra and
232
Th were below detection limit (BDL). The total annual effective dose due to the ingestion of radionuclide in the milk sample was estimated to be 3.2 µSvy
-1
. The geometric mean of Pb, Cd, Fe and Cu in the samples were found to be 0.024, 0.033, 2.168 and 0.242 mgkg
-1
, respectively and the annual daily dose estimated were 0.1490, 0.010, 0.0002 and 0.0003 mgday
-1
, respectively. The results of the hazard index revealed that the intake of heavy metal through ingestion of the milk samples did not exceeds the limit of unity as recommended by USEPA, 2002. Therefore, the consumption of these milk samples is safe.
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2,409
232
Motion management of lung tumors: A retrospective analysis to see dosimetric differences in different respiratory phases
Pramod Kumar Sharma, Laishram Suchitra, Roopam Srivastava, Manish Chomal, Gagan Saini, Anusheel Munshi, Jayanand Manjhi, DV Rai
January-June 2015, 38(1):45-49
DOI
:10.4103/0972-0464.162821
To study the effect of respiration (end expiration [EE] and end inspiration [EI]) on tumor and normal structure doses and volumes in carcinoma lung. Five patients with squamous cell carcinoma of the lung were selected for this retrospective study. Computerized tomography (CT) data set was subsequently obtained for all patients in EE and EI phases of the respiratory cycle. Gross tumor volume, clinical target volume, planning target volume (PTV) and organs at risk were delineated in both EE and EI on CT data sets. Prescribed dose was 60 Gy in 30 fractions for all patients. The PTV coverage and organs at risks (OARs) were evaluated using radiation therapy oncology group conformity indices (CI) and homogeneity indices (HI) and volume doses respectively. The CI and HI were comparable for both phases. Volumes of all OARs were comparable except the lung. OAR doses were almost same in both phases. Significantly higher normal lung volume was found in the EI phase. Based on our dosimetric data and statistical analysis we conclude that both EE and EI are dosimetrically comparable.
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1,726
161
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